Charles's end chopped down the senior Habsburg branch, and the rest of the line withered away with time. From there, it was a slow fade into obscurity. Do you question the accuracy of a fact you just read? Scientists analysed portraits of the family dating hanging in galleries across the globe Credit: . "Habsburg jaw", according to the team of researchers, was a prominent facial deformity that affected the European royal family after 200 years of inbreeding and until this study it hadn't been clear whether the family's characteristic jawline had been the result of inbreeding or not. King Charles II, then, was the fruit of all the Habsburg labors. However, her repentance was not accepted by the church, and she was soon found to be pregnant with her brothers child. The results suggest the lower third of the human face shows the greatest sensitivity to inbreeding. By the time Charles II was born in 1661, his genome was equivalent to that of a child born to direct siblings. Her besotted lover, Prince Albert, was actually her first cousin, meaning that all of her children were inbred. When she found one of his mistresses, she stabbed her in the face. How far back does Queen Elizabeths bloodline go? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In fact, his mother was probably not Nefertiti, as was previously assumed, but rather a sister of King Akhenaten. Before joining the team, she worked as a course lecturer while completing her Ph.D. in English Literature. Paintings?Yep. Your email address will not be published. Maxillo Maxillofacial surgeons. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine 2. Meanwhile, maxillary deficiency was most evident in both Charles II and Philip IV of Spain, and before them in Maximilian I, Margaret of Austria and Charles I of Spain. Raja Udai Singh of Marwar had 27 wives and had numerous progeny, no less than 52 sons and daughters. In his world of grand palaces and artistic expression, he had all of the comforts of a king but carried out none of the responsibilities. A century after Marie Antoinette of France (herself a Habsburg, who may have been spared some of the worst effects of inbreeding) was known for her excesses, and expensive tastes, King Ludwig II of Bavaria built grand, opulent palaces as a means of escaping reality. By Martyn Rady. Moreover, perhaps no emperor is more famous for madness than Nero, the man who fiddled while Rome burned and was accused of having sex with his own mother. New research finds correlation between how inbred rulers of a notoriously intermarrying dynasty were and the prominence of their jutting jaw, Former Associate Editor, Special Projects. Age: 34 (1819-1853) The Habsburg Jaw was more prominent in males than females. Joseph I, Charles I of Spain, Leopold Wilhelm and Charles II all had it. Charless underbite wasnt just an aesthetic issue, it was also a health hazard. Celebrity. Put down the pepperoni: Processed meats, like bacon, sausage, ham, and deli cuts, are smoked, cured, or salted so they'll last longer without going bad. Due to Queen Victorias descendants marrying into royal households all over Europe, Kirill was a cousin to both Tsar Nicholas II and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra. However, as is common among children who are products of inbreeding, she had a mental illness, leading to depression and anorexia. What's new about this? He was the zenith of their aspirations and the nadir of their house. Main Menu. Thats why its really not surprising that Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are not only cousins, but cousins through more than one line of descent. After this look at the Habsburg jaw, discover more about Spains Charles II. Her daughter, Princess Alice, was the mother of Tsarina Alexandra Romanov, the last Tsarina of Russia; grandmother of the last Viceroy of India; and great-grandmother of the Duke of Edinburgh. Wikimedia CommonsMarie Antoinettes Habsburg jaw was not as pronounced as some of the other royals, but she did have a protruding lower lip. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Copyright 2023 by Factinate.com. Re: Celebrities with Habsburg Jaw. Caligula (also known as Gaius Caesar), who has been accused by many of engaging in incestuous relations with his sisters (something that he may or may not have done), descended from a pedigree of biological relatives marrying each other to keep money, power, and the bloodline intact. Our editors are instructed to fact check thoroughly, including finding at least three references for each fact. Not only did the Habsburgs rule Austrian, they ruled Spain for nearly 200 years, and even longer in Hungary and Croatia. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Kim Kardashian Doja Cat Iggy Azalea Anya Taylor-Joy Jamie Lee Curtis Natalie Portman Henry Cavill Millie Bobby Brown Tom Hiddleston Keanu Reeves. "The Habsburg dynasty serves as a kind of human laboratory for researchers to do so, because the range of inbreeding is so high." http://www.the-wagnerian.com/2013/10/audio-documentary-ludwig-ii-of-bavaria.html. As a result, the succeeding generations of the family very often displayed the famous Habsburg jaw, which is seen everywhere in Vienna. However, incest may also have played a role. While he is often viewed in pop culture as a boy king, one who would need an incredible amount of self-assuredness and physical strength, he was probably a frail, sickly child. But Marie Antoinette got off easy compared with the last Habsburg ruler of Spain, who took the throne in 1665. Russia Beyond. Alexandra and her husband, Tsar Nicholas, were sure that his treatments were healing their son. The Habsburgs. Hapsburg royal family had large jaw/chin, Bob's Burger family has no chin. "Yes of course we can tell that from the paintings," Ceballos tells New Atlas. The Grand Duke was known for infidelity and, on more than one occasion, was caught by Victoria in bed with others. He was the last of the Spanish Habsburg line. He also had the infamous Habsburg jaw and epilepsy. A Habsburg jaw is a specific facial deformity that is marked by a very elongated and prominent lower jaw. However, after an illness six months into his reign, he proved that he was not the same person as his father. We HAVE to do something about those people the more they delay, and muddy the waters of public opinion, the more people die, the more money gets spent on things that would be unnecessary had the public been told the truth from day one. " Empress Elisabeth of Austrias parents may have been cousins (and have also had aunt/uncle relationships, as well, due to inbreeding), and she went on to marry her cousin, Franz Josef. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Using an extensive family tree spanning 20-plus generations, the scientists determined that the average inbreeding coefficient of the Habsburgs they analyzed was .093. They analyzed 66 royal portraits of 15 members of the House of Habsburg, all of which (crucially, if not surprisingly) showed the faces of their subjects. While the Habsburg family rose to power in central Europe as the rulers of Austria, Germany and eventually the Holy Roman Empire, the familys influence spread westward to Spain after Philip I, son of the second Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor, married Joan of Castile in 1496. He ended up marrying no less than four of his daughters (that we know of). Elisabeths son must have suffered from some form of mental illness as well, as he committed suicide. Nevertheless, modern descendants of the Habsburgs extended family do exist although these members of the family do not sport the Habsburg jaw. Terms of Use Does the Habsburg jaw still exist? Age: 39 (68 BC-29 BC) Portrait artists have captured the distinctive Habsburg chin since the Habsburgs first came to Spain, and some of the Habsburg characteristics can be found in royal families across Europe Marie Antoinette was part of the Austrian Habsburgs, and her protruding lower lip simply gave her the appearance of a constant, When did Habsburg jaw appear? In 1806, the house had its official dissolution. Therefore, Elizabeth was the only child of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Joseph I, Charles I of Spain, Leopold Wilhelm and Charles II all had it. Thulin describes the Habsburg monarchs' facial features as particularly distinctive: "sharply jutting jaws, bulbous lower lips and long noses." Once you know what to look for, it's a distinctive look that one can see countless times when looking at portraits of royalty from bygone centuries. The name itself is derived from the Habsburg family of Spain, where most of its members suffered from this disorder. It was in the corner of a hallway most people simply pass through, and it depicted a relatively mediocre subject: A tall man with long hair, dressed in circa 17th-century clothes. One of the most famous Habsburgs (not of the Spanish Habsburgs, however) did not entirely manage to dodge the family trait either: Marie Antoinette of France, although famously good-looking, had a projecting lower lip that made it seem as though she had a constant pout. Despite being married twice, the king was unable to procreate, quite possibly an effect of his severe inbreeding. The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding In Europe - YouTube 0:00 / 7:13 The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding In Europe Yesterday Is History 49.7K subscribers. Very often, a judicious marriage was marriage to a cousin in some other powerful part of Europe . From the most powerful royalty in history to an uncontacted village in New York State, we're talking about some of the most inbred people of all time.Want a . Meanwhile, the government of Bavaria was struggling to run the state while controlling the kings wastefulness. In addition to the royal upbringings of the then-children, Elizabeth and Philip also happened to share a distant relative, as both are descendants of Queen Victoria. And the findings may not stop there. One day, I was in New York wandering around a museum full of different trinkets, furniture, and portraits when a dusty painting caught my eye. Not only had lead poisoning severely depleted his mental faculties, but his inbreeding may have assumed that he didnt have many faculties to begin with. Therefore, The most suitable wife for a king of Egypt was the daughter of a king of Egypt, and, Does the Habsburg jaw still exist? According to local tradition, when a fon dies, his successor inherits all his wives and then marries his own queens. She was from the house of Trastamara, which had been engaging in cousin marriages for centuries. The family was particularly known for what is identified as the Habsburg jaw, an oversized jawline and large tongue that made activities such as eating and speaking difficult. Join me next time for more explorations in the art and history of Europe! Very often, a judicious marriage was marriage to a cousin in some other powerful part of Europe, like Spain. Many of the kings and queens of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, which ruled across Europe from the 16th to the start of the 18th century, had a distinctive facial deformity: an elongated jaw that later became known as the Habsburg jaw. Now, a new study suggests this facial feature was likely the result of centuries of. What were they looking for?The researchers were interested in mandibular prognathism, perhaps better known as the famous "Habsburg jaw." tesla model s hidden menu access code. PMillera4/flickr/CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0. Austria, Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia, were once part of the monarchy's extensive empire, as were considerable sections of Poland, Romania, and Italy. Carlos II was the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. Allen Lane; 416 pages; 30. Wikimedia CommonsArtists did not fail to capture Charles V of Spains Habsburg jaw. Wikimedia CommonsHoly Roman Emperor Charles V, a 16th-century leader of the House of Habsburg and a notorious example of the Habsburg chin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Habsburgs were once the most powerful family in the world, ruling over . Meet Sid Vicious, Punk Rock's Ultimate Bad Boy, Addict, And Possible Murderer, Inside Australia's Hapless Campaign Against Emus, The Great Emu War Of 1932, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Birthplace: Vienna, Austria, Photograph of Queen Victoria by Alexander Bassano 1882. He was assassinated by his unhappy public when, after a sports event, guardsmen stabbed him 30 times. The family tree of the Habsburgs, a German-Austrian ruling family whose domain stretched from Portugal to Transylvania, is a tangled one. Does Jay Leno own a Bugatti? Nevertheless. Despite his feebleness, King Tut made the same mistake as his father and married his sister. His father, Germanicus, was beloved by the Roman people, and, believing Caligula would possess the same characteristics, they were more than happy to coronate him as the new emperor. Himself the product of inbreeding, he was known for being a philanderer, but Joanna was completely smitten with him. He died in 1700 at the age of 39, leaving behind no heir to the throne and thereby effectively ending Habsburg rule in Spain. They also intended to keep it that way. Credit: Wikimedia Commons. Your email address will not be published. She was finally accepted back into the church shortly before her death. Kim Kardashian Doja Cat Iggy Azalea Anya Taylor-Joy Jamie Lee Curtis Natalie Portman Henry Cavill Millie Bobby Brown Tom Hiddleston Keanu Reeves. What might be surprising though is that members of the royal family have continued to marry their cousins, right up to the present day! Portrait by Juan de Flandes, c. 1500 / Wikipedia. Credit: Don Juan Carreo de Miranda The "Habsburg jaw", a facial condition of the Habsburg dynasty of Spanish and Austrian kings and their wives, can be attributed to inbreeding, according to. Dr. Francis Willis, who was also treating Englands insane king, George III, was brought to Portugal to attend to the queen. Claiming to be a god, he had a bridge built between the Temple of Zeus and his own palace so that he could more easily convene with the deity. She went on to marry her uncle, and their son, Prince Joao, was also her cousin. (Charles mother and father were, in fact, niece and uncle, so this higher value indicates his parents were substantially inbred themselves.) 6 /12. The Tragic Story of the Mad Queen of Castile Who Slept Next to Her Husbands Corpse, by Paolo Chua. This distinctive Habsburg jaw, a new analysis published in the Annals of Human Biology finds, most likely resulted from inbreeding. Join thousands of others and start your morning with our Fact Of The Day newsletter. The Hapsburg inbreeding has been known for a long time, and the facial deformities in these paintings have also been pointed to as evidence of the problems caused by their inbreeding. Cersei and Jamie Lannister, from Game of Thrones, were. Sigourney Weaver Rated - Custom 7.6 1338 Rated 2. After years of brutal living, the autopsy reported that his body did not contain a single drop of blood; his heart was the size of a peppercorn; [his] lungs corroded; his intestines rotten and gangrenous; he had a single testicle, black as coal, and his head was full of water. If thats not a metaphor for the entire House of Habsburg, I dont know what is. He's a royal d*ckhead. Artists did not fail to capture Charles V of Spains Habsburg jaw. From almost the moment of its conception, the Habsburg line was decaying from the inside out. However, she got plenty of legal and familial headaches due to her lineage and all of its interconnectedness throughout the continent. Marie Antoinette was born into the royal family of Austria, which is where she gets her Habsburg jaw from. Maria I of Portugal, known as both Maria the Pious and Maria the Mad, was born into a long line of inbreeding. For the Habsburgs, the most well-known trait that was passed down was the Habsburg jaw. But with my glance came a shock of recognition. Vilas and company made their determinations by having facial surgeons examine dozens of portraits of Habsburgs to evaluate their degree of jaw deformity and then analyzing the family tree and its genetics to see if a higher degree of relatedness/inbreeding among certain family members made for a greater amount of deformity in those people. Vilas and his colleagues honed in on Spanish Habsburgs whose appearances artistsincluding notables like Diego Velzquezhad documented in photorealistic portraits. For such a rare, recessive disease to be so strongly present among cousins, there is speculation that the queen herself may have been the product of inbreeding. Alexei Romanov, the grandson of Queen Victoria, inherited what came to be known as the royal disease for how it was inherited by a disproportionately large number of European royals: hemophilia. Still, she remained madly in love with her husband. The last true Habsburg ruler, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, passed in 1740, and with him passed the Habsburg name and the entire male lineage. The familys long tradition of inbreeding may have been at least partially the reason why Catherine couldnt bear any children. This is a term used to describe a certin type of facial feature that is common among royals in this family. Can Habsburg jaw be corrected? But in December 2019, researchers published the first paper demonstrating that incest indeed caused this notorious deformity. Madame de Pompadour was the alluring chief mistress of King Louis XV, but few people know her dark historyor the chilling secret shared by her and Louis. Members of the Middleton family have been related to the British royal family by marriage since the wedding of Catherine Middleton and Prince William in April 2011, when she became the Duchess of Cambridge. Katie Murphy. The new study combined diagnosis of facial deformities using historical portraits with genetic analysis of the degree of relatedness . The entire Spanish royal dynasty went extinct because of inbreeding. inbreeding is still common in some geographical regions and among some religious and ethnic groups, so its important today to investigate the effects, ". Queen Victoria was the last monarch from the House of Hanover, a family famous for its inbreeding and subsequent genetic abnormalities. Birthplace: Toledo, Spain, Ferdinand wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece. Still, I cant say I blame the women for de-emphasizing this feature. Additional Questions. King Ludwig II, also of the House of Wittelsbach, was known for being completely out of touch with reality. Her parents, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, were second cousins. Also called the Austrian Lip, the Habsburg Jaw is the jutting underbite that came to define the scions of the house. Kings usually had harems, leading to dozens of children. When Ludwig was a child, his mother noted his penchant for dressing up and having a vivid imagination. Hydrocephaly, or water on the brain, causes pressure on the sensitive tissue and leads to brain damage. Elizabeth, was born on September 7, 1533. Not exactly a ladys man. . This finding stands in contrast to the previous belief that a dominant gene influenced the Habsburgs distinctive looks. 1. The flies of this country are very insolent.. Her great-grandparents were the last Emperor and Empress of Austria. Elisabeth was known for her beauty and today is often compared to Princess Diana. Robert Dampier via Wikimedia Commons. Charles II of Spain and the Habsburg Jaw. Its understandable how someone in his state of mind would have lost a war as momentous as the American Revolution. Besides ensuring that the throne remained in the grip of the Habsburgs, this inbreeding also had unintended consequences that would eventually lead to the dynastys downfall. However, the Habsburg's penchant for inbreeding made a rather normal trait become grotesque. If your jaw protrudes, it's known as prognathism. The House of Habsburg came to power during the mid-1400s and remained there until the mid-1700s, but during that time, there was quite a bit of inbreeding. She spoke of her daughter-in-laws beauty and the joy that she brought to her people. Why does this matter?Lead author Professor Roman Vilas of the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain argues that the study can help shed light on the effects of inbreeding today. When the first Spanish Habsburg ruler, Charles V, arrived in Spain in 1516, he couldnt fully close his mouth due to his Habsburg jaw. In addition to being socially and culturally taboo, incestuous marriages are harmful in that they lead to higher rates of miscarriages, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths (only half of the Habsburg children survived to the age of 10, compared with the 80 percent survival rate of children from other Spanish families of the same time period). Some choice examples include a possible hormone deficiency and improper kidney function. Privacy Statement So Prince Andrew may have a solid excuse after all. Before Charles II, there was Joanna of Castile, the older sister of Catherine of Aragon. Later emperor Charles V with the famous Habsburg jaw, Habsburg lip or Austrian lip. Marie Antoinette, the last queen of France, was herself from the Habsburg line. The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding In Europe. It is commonly known as an underbite and can be corrected with orthodontics in less extreme cases and surgery in more extreme forms. 04 Dec 2019 - 07:38 UTC Portrait of Carlos II of Spain, painted around 1680 . He had such a severely oversized jawline that he was barely able to eat or speak. Flickr Photo Sharing Pamela Caballes. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In fact, one of the Habsburgs, Joanna of Castille, appears in the family tree no fewer than 14 times! Gentian is known to turn urine purplish-blue, thereby leading to the theory that the king suffered from porphyria. Nine successive generations of the Habsburg family had this pronounced jawline, which is why it came to be known as the Habsburg jaw. The Habsburg jaw was most pronounced in Philip IV, King of Spain and Portugal from 1621 to 1640. The Habsburg jaw is more appropriately known as mandibular prognathism, and it is not a trait unique to the Hapsburgs. Today, weve all but forgotten the once-mighty Habsburgs and their rulers. Birthplace: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At Factinate, were dedicated to getting things right. Second, these paintings were analyzed by 10 maxillofacial doctors. Rasputins character was tainted with alcoholism and sexual promiscuity, as well as dabblings in the occult. Marble portrait bust of the emperor Gaius, known as Caligula, A.D. 37-41. Jared Padalecki Rated - Custom 8.1 727 Rated 4. He built public hospitals and a railway and also abolished slavery. As Simon Winder pointed out in Danubia, the Habsburg men could at least grow beards to hide their prominent chins. However, he claimed that his preference for being shown with only one wife was due to custom. The queen was eventually unable to attend to her royal duties and had to have a regent serve in her place. It is characterized by a pronounced lower jaw and protruding lower lip. Carry on.They also had to do some analysis to gauge the strength of the link to the deformities in question, generating an "inbreeding coefficient" which proved to correlate strongly with mandibular prognathism. Does anybody else see Joe Bonamassa, (great guitar player), when they look at the protrait of Philip IV of Spain? Hit me with the small print. We want our readers to trust us. He doesn't have a "Habsburg Jaw" That painting does have a bit of a prominent jaw, and Charles V is often seen as the first case and progenitor of the . But, once more, it was the telling paintings of the clan that helped researchers out. How are Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip related by blood? Indeed, its fatal flaw is still instantly recognizable in portraits today: The Habsburg Jaw. Yet the truth behind the Habsburg Jaw is much more sordid than all that. Thats because what I recognized about the painting wasnt the subject, it was his Habsburg Jaw. 10 Mad Royals in History by Shanna Freeman. Habsburg has lived in Salzburg, Austria, since 1981, and resides in Casa Austria, formerly called Villa Swoboda, in Anif, near the city of Salzburg. It is characterized by a jutting lower jaw that is often accompanied by an abnormally thick lower lip and sometimes an abnormally large tongue. Sadly, if we do remember them, it is for their hubris and follyall summed up in that immediately obvious Habsburg Jaw. OK, fine but you can't blame their genes for the dodgy moustache, surely?! Charles II of Spain, the last Spanish Habsburg, presented a prominent case of this defect. When we do, we depend on our loyal, helpful readers to point out how we can do better. While both inbreeding and the Habsburg jaw have always been associated with the House of Habsburg, there had never been a scientific study that had conclusively linked incest with the familys notorious facial feature. Maxilla is jaw in Latin. Like many royal families, the Habsburgs made strategic marriages to consolidate their power, often to close relatives. A facial deformity that affected members of the Habsburg royal family can be attributed to years of inbreeding, new research has found. Right. Still, the scientists acknowledge that they cant completely disregard an alternate hypothesisthat random buildup of genetic changes, not inbreeding, resulted in the increasing frequency of Habsburg jawalthough they view the possibility as unlikely.. However, it certainly didnt help. Philip IV, Charles I and Charles II each exhibited about five of the seven tell-tale features of MPmore than any of their other relatives included in the study. Surprisingly, he held the throne for a full 18 years abdicating to his nephew Francis Joseph in 1848 and died at the age of 82. Is Queen Elizabeth II related to Habsburg? History remembers her as Juana la Loca, Joanna the Crazy. how much does mcdonald's pay 16 year olds. When France invaded Portugal, the royal family fled to Brazil, where the queen died in 1816. But interbreeding in the Habsburgs is old news, isnt it?It is. It has long been assumed that this distinctive facial feature was the result of inbreeding, because so many Habsburgs married eachother. June 25, 2018. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Birthplace: Munich, Germany, The Mad King Ludwig II of Bavaria. Christoph Waltz Rated - Custom 8.5 554 Rated 6. According to lead researcher Professor Roman Vilas from the University of Santiago de Compostela: The Habsburg dynasty was one of the most influential in Europe, but became renowned for inbreeding, which was its eventual downfall. With her people now converted, they shunned her, and she lived in isolation until the childs birth. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The princess went on to marry the love of her life, who also happened to be her cousin, Kirill Vladimirovich. Shrewdly, they built and maintained their empire mostly by judicious marriages. Although not everything is attributable to inbreeding, Charles suffered a laundry list of ailments. Please submit feedback to contribute@factinate.com. In their determination to keep the Spanish monarchy within the family, they began to look for royal spouses only within their own family. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Scientists have confirmed that facial deformities among the House of Habsburg were caused by inbreeding, according to a newly-published study. employee experience software market size; June 21, 2022; by Royals have been marrying their cousins since time immemorial, traditionally as a means of strengthening political alliances. Juan Carreo de Miranda/via Wikimedia Commons. Due to the centuries of consanguineous marriages that led up to the birth of the final heir, modern researchers have found that the inbreeding coefficient (the likelihood that someone will have two identical genes due to their parents level of relation) was almost as high as that of a child born of an incestuous relationship. The House of Habsburg occupied the throne of the Holy Roman . Marie Antoinettes Habsburg jaw was not as pronounced as some of the other royals, but she did have a protruding lower lip. Where did we find this stuff? Unlike many royals who suffered from the worse aspects of inbreeding, like the Habsburg jaw and insanity, King Rama V is credited with the modernization of Siam, now known as Thailand, and for keeping it from becoming colonized by the British. Throughout her reign, beginning with her marriage to the 23-year-old emperor, she was known for her timid, shy, and melancholic disposition. . Consanguinity didnt begin in Europe. This portrait of Charles II of Spain clearly depicts his Habsburg jaw. Carlos II de Espaa. Abumbi II, the 11th fon, or king, of Bafut, Cameroon, has close to 100 wives. The "Habsburg jaw," a facial condition of the Habsburg dynasty of Spanish and Austrian kings and their wives, can be attributed to inbreeding, according to new results published in the Annals of Human Biology. Their daughter, Elisabeth of Hesse, died when she was only eight years old; they also had a son, who was stillborn. However, recent scientific analyses have cast doubt on the porphyria hypothesis and merely claim that the king had a mental illness, possibly bipolar disorder, which could have been caused by the inbreeding within the House of Hanover.